Anteseden dan Konsekuensi dari Variabel Kolaborasi Internal dan Eksternal Terhadap Transformasi Digital UMKM
- Wisnu Yuwono Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam, Indonesia
-
Shelly Rosalina
*
Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam,
Indonesia
- Lady Lady Universitas Internasional Batam, Batam, Indonesia (*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This research investigates the influence of knowledge-skill, financial availability, digital maturity, social media on digital transformation by incorporating internal-external collaboration (IEC) as mediating construct. This study adopts quantitative approach, with data obtained from 353 MSME respondents in various regions of Indonesia using convenience and purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using PLS-SEM method. The findings indicate that financial availability (t = 7,180, p < 0,05), digital maturity (t = 2,322, p < 0,05), and social media (t = 2,204, p < 0,05) have a positive effect on IEC, while knowledge-skill does not have a positive effect. Furthermore, knowledge-skill (t = 2,669, p < 0,05), digital maturity (t = 4,198, p < 0,05), and IEC (t = 2,165, p < 0,05) are found to positively affect digital transformation, while financial availability and social media do not have a positive effect. In terms of indirect relationships, only financial availability demonstrates a positive impact on digital transformation through IEC (t = 2,047, p < 0,05). These results suggest that IEC plays a crucial role in mitigating financial resource constraints in the digital transformation process. The novelty lies in the incorporation of IEC as a mediating variable in the context of MSMEs’ digital transformation, a topic that remains relatively underexplored in prior research. This study contributed to the enrichment of the MSME digital transformation literature by emphasizing the mediating role of IEC. Moreover, the findings offer practical implications for MSME practitioners and stakeholders in formulating more focused and sustainable digitalization strategies.
Downloads
References
Adomako, S., & Ahsan, M. (2022). Entrepreneurial Passion And SMEs’ Performance: Moderating Effects Of Financial Resource Availability And Resource Flexibility. Journal of Business Research, 144(May), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.002
Alam, K., Ali, M. A., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M. O., Murray, P. A., & Wiesner, R. (2022). Digital Transformation Among SMEs: Does Gender Matter? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010535
Amaral, A., & Peças, P. (2021). SMEs And Industry 4.0: Two Case Studies Of Digitalization For A Smoother Integration. Computers in Industry, 125(February), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103333
Anatan, L., & Nur. (2023). Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises’ Readiness For Digital Transformation In Indonesia. Economies, 11(6), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11060156
Ancillo, A. D. L., Gavrila, S. G., Díez, J. R. F. del C., & Beseler, J. C. (2022). LATAM And Spanish SME Barriers To Industry 4.0. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 35(2), 204–222. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-07-2021-0137
Arroyabe, M. F., Arranz, C. F. A., Fernandez De Arroyabe, I., & Fernandez de Arroyabe, J. C. (2024). Analyzing AI Adoption In European SMEs: A Study Of Digital Capabilities, Innovation, And External Environment. Technology in Society, 79(December), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102733
Bilal, M., Xicang, Z., Jiying, W., Sohu, J. M., Akhtar, S., & Hassan, M. I. U. (2024). Digital Transformation And SME Innovation: A Comprehensive Analysis Of Mediating And Moderating Effects. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 16, 1153–1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02054-0
Bruce, E., Keelson, S., Amoah, J., & Egala, S. B. (2023). Social Media Integration: An Opportunity For SMEs Sustainability. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2173859
Candelo, E., Casalegno, C., & Civera, C. (2021). Digital Transformation Or Analogic Relationships? A Dilemma For Small Retailer Entrepreneurs And Its Resolution. Journal of Strategy and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-02-2021-0056
Cardoso, A., Pereira, M. S., Sá, J. C., Powell, D. J., Faria, S., & Magalhães, M. (2023). Digital Culture, Knowledge, And Commitment To Digital Transformation And Its Impact On The Competitiveness Of Portuguese Organizations. Administrative Sciences, 14(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14010008
Chen, C. L., Lin, Y.-C., Chen, W. H., Chao, C. F., & Pandia, H. (2021). Role Of Government To Enhance Digital Transformation In Small Service Business. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031028
Chen, S., & Yu, D. (2022). Exploring The Impact Of External Collaboration On Firm Growth Capability: The Mediating Roles Of R&D Efforts. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01429-5
Chierici, R., Tortora, D., Giudice, M. Del, & Quacquarelli, B. (2021). Strengthening Digital Collaboration To Enhance Social Innovation Capital: An Analysis Of Italian Small Innovative Enterprises. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(3), 610–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2020-0058
Chwiłkowska-Kubala, A., Cyfert, S., Malewska, K., Mierzejewska, K., & Szumowski, W. (2023). The Impact Of Resources On Digital Transformation In Energy Sector Companies: The Role Of Readiness For Digital Transformation. Technology in Society, 74(July), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102315
Cuandra, F., & Candy, C. (2024). Strategies And Innovations For Enhancing Sustainable Performance In SMEs During The 4.0 Digital Business Era. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 20(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v20i1.6449.2024
Dubey, R., Bryde, D. J., Blome, C., Dwivedi, Y. K., Childe, S. J., & Foropon, C. (2024). Alliances And Digital Transformation Are Crucial For Benefiting From Dynamic Supply Chain Capabilities During Times Of Crisis: A Multi-Method Study. International Journal of Production Economics, 269(March), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109166
Duong, L. N. K., & Chong, J. (2020). Supply Chain Collaboration In The Presence Of Disruptions: A Literature Review. International Journal of Production Research, 58(11), 3488–3507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1712491
Durst, S., Foli, S., & Edvardsson, I. R. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review On Knowledge Management In SMEs: Current Trends And Future Directions. Management Review Quarterly, 74, 263–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00299-0
Eremina, Y., Lace, N., & Bistrova, J. (2019). Digital Maturity And Corporate Performance: The Case Of The Baltic States. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030054
Fraccastoro, S., Gabrielsson, M., & Pullins, E. B. (2021). The Integrated Use Of Social Media, Digital, And Traditional Communication Tools In The B2B Sales Process Of International SMEs. International Business Review, 30(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101776
Ghobakhloo, M., Iranmanesh, M., Morales, M. E., Nilashi, M., & Amran, A. (2022). Actions And Approaches For Enabling Industry 5.0-Driven Sustainable Industrial Transformation: A Strategy Roadmap. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(3), 1473–1494. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2431
Grooss, O. F., Presser, M., & Tambo, T. (2022). Balancing Digital Maturity And Operational Performance - Balancing Progressing In A Low-Digital SME Manufacturing Setting. Procedia Computer Science, 200, 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.247
Hafeez, S., Shahzad, K., Helo, P., & Mubarak, M. F. (2025). Knowledge Management And SMEs’ Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review And Future Research Agenda. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100728
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (Eighth Edition). In Cengage Learning EMEA (Vol. 19, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5117/2006.019.003.007
Hendrawan, S. A., Afdhal Chatra, Iman, N., Hidayatullah, S., & Degdo Suprayitno. (2024). Digital Transformation In Msmes: Challenges And Opportunities In Technology Management. Jurnal Informasi Dan Teknologi, 6(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.60083/jidt.v6i2.551
Holopainen, M., Saunila, M., & Ukko, J. (2024). The Effects Of Digital Business Strategy On The Collaboration Performance Of Companies: The Moderating Effect Of Digitally Enabled Performance Measurement. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 6(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijieom-04-2023-0040
Karunia, R. L., Yanto, E., Prasetyo, J. H., Muthmainah, E., Hiswendari, L., Setiawan, P., & Saragih, M. A. P. (2024). Digital Collaboration Models For Empowering SMEs: Enhancing Public Organization Performance. Emerging Science Journal, 8(4), 1492–1505. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-015
Kim, J., & Jin, W. (2024). Impact Of Digital Capabilities On Entrepreneurial Performance In SMEs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100609
Klein, V. B., & Todesco, J. L. (2021). Covid-19 Crisis And SMEs Responses: The Role Of Digital Transformation. Knowledge and Process Management, 28(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1660
Kraus, S., Jones, P., Kailer, N., Weinmann, A., Chaparro-Banegas, N., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital Transformation: An Overview Of The Current State Of The Art Of Research. SAGE Open, 11(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047576
Kurniawati, E., Kohar, U. H. A., & Pirzada, K. (2022). Change Or Destroy: The Digital Transformation Of Indonesian MSMEs To Achieve Sustainable Economy. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 26(2), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.26.2.15
Kusumawati, D. A. (2022). Peran Digital Skill Dan Workforce Transformation Terhadap Kinerja UMKM. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 23(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.23.2.125-135
Leso, B. H., Cortimiglia, M. N., & Ghezzi, A. (2023). The Contribution Of Organizational Culture, Structure, And Leadership Factors In The Digital Transformation Of SMEs: A Mixed Methods Approach. Cognition, Technology & Work, 25, 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-022-00714-2
Limanseto. (2023). Dorong UMKM Naik Kelas Dan Go Export, Pemerintah Siapkan Ekosistem Pembiayaan Yang Terintegrasi. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia. https://www.ekon.go.id/publikasi/detail/5318/dorong-umkm-naik-kelas-dan-go-export-pemerintah-siapkan-ekosistem-pembiayaan-yang-terintegrasi
Liu, J., Zhou, K., Zhang, Y., & Tang, F. (2023). The Effect Of Financial Digital Transformation On Financial Performance: The Intermediary Effect Of Information Symmetry And Operating Costs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065059
Mangifera, L., & Mawardi, W. (2022). Digital Transformation And Its Impact On Financial Performance: In The Food And Beverage Small Business Sector. 2nd International Conference of Business and Social Sciences, 49–61. https://ojsicobuss.stiesia.ac.id/index.php/icobuss1st/article/view/148
Marolt, M., Lenart, G., Borštnar, M. K., & Pucihar, A. (2025). Exploring Digital Transformation Journey Among Micro, Small-, And Medium-Sized Enterprises. Systems, 13(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010001
Meier, A., & Peters, M. (2023). Information & Management Limited Engagement Of SMEs With Social Media: A Structuration And Sensemaking Perspective. Information & Management, 60(7), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103853
Min, S. A., & Kim, B. Y. (2021). SMEs’ Digital Transformation Competencies On Platform Empowerment: A Case Study In South Korea. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(6), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.0897
Muafi, Sanusi, Z. M., & Roostika, R. (2023). Digital Skills, Digital Entrepreneurship, Job Satisfaction, And Sustainable Performance Of MSMEs: A Survey On MSMEs In Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(2), 465–473. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180215
Nichifor, E., Lixăndroiu, R. C., Maican, C. I., Sumedrea, S., Chițu, I. B., Tecău, A. S., & Brătucu, G. (2022). Unlocking The Entrepreneurial State Of Mind For Digital Decade: SMEs And Digital Marketing. Electronics (Switzerland), 11(15), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152358
Obermayer, N., Csizmadia, T., Banász, Z., & Purnhauser, P. (2023). The Importance Of Digital And Soft Skills In The Digital Age. Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Knowledge Management, 24(2), 978–987. https://doi.org/10.34190/eckm.24.2.1550
Omrani, N., Rejeb, N., Maalaoui, A., Dabic, M., & Kraus, S. (2024). Drivers Of Digital Transformation In SMEs. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 5030–5043. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2022.3215727
Putri, A. U., Mirani, D., & Khairunnisyah, T. (2023). Digital Transformation For MSME Resilience In The Era Of Society 5.0. New Public Governance: Reflection on Administration Science, 154–174. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2023.886
Quenum, G. G. Y., Vallée, S., & Ertz, M. (2025). The Digital Maturity Of Small- And Medium-Sized Enterprises In The Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean Region. Machines, 13(9), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13090835
Robertson, J., Botha, E., Walker, B., Wordsworth, R., & Balzarova, M. (2022). Fortune Favours The Digitally Mature: The Impact Of Digital Maturity On The Organisational Resilience Of SME Retailers During Covid-19. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 50(8–9), 1182–1204. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-10-2021-0514
Rocha, C., Quandt, C., Deschamps, F., Philbin, S., & Cruzara, G. (2021). Collaborations For Digital Transformation: Case Studies Of Industry 4.0 In Brazil. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 70(7), 2404–2418. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3061396
Romero, I., & Mammadov, H. (2024). Digital Transformation Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises As An Innovation Process: A Holistic Study Of Its Determinants. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 16, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02217-z
Rupeika-Apoga, R., Petrovska, K., & Bule, L. (2022). The Effect Of Digital Orientation And Digital Capability On Digital Transformation Of SMEs During The Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 17(2), 669–685. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17020035
Sagala, G. H., & Őri, D. (2024). Toward SMEs Digital Transformation Success: A Systematic Literature Review. In Information Systems and e-Business Management (Vol. 22). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-024-00682-2
Sudusinghe, J. I., & Seuring, S. (2021). Supply Chain Collaboration And Sustainability Performance In Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Production Economics, 245(March), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108402
Susano, A. (2024). The Role Of Digital Literacy In Optimizing Social Media For MSMEs In The Digital Economy Era. Jurnal Kabar Masyarakat, 2(3), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.54066/jkb.v2i3.2302
Telukdarie, A., Dube, T., Matjuta, P., & Philbin, S. (2023). The Opportunities And Challenges Of Digitalization For SME’s. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 689–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.265
Teng, X., Wu, Z., & Yang, F. (2022). Research On The Relationship Between Digital Transformation And Performance Of SMEs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106012
Tenggono, E., Soetjipto, B. W., & Sudhartio, L. (2024). Managing Digital Transformations: The Intermediary Function Of Digital Readiness In Facilitating Strategic Renewal Within The Healthcare Industry. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2423276
Titin, Sutrino, Mahmudah, H., Muhtarom, A., & Syamsuri. (2024). Effect Of Business Digitalization And Social Media On MSME Performance With Digital Competence As A Mediating Variable. Scientific Journal of Informatics, 11(3), 645–660. https://doi.org/10.15294/sji.v11i3.9942
Trenerry, B., Chng, S., Wang, Y., Suhaila, Z. S., Lim, S. S., Lu, H. Y., & Oh, P. H. (2021). Preparing Workplaces For Digital Transformation: An Integrative Review And Framework Of Multi-Level Factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620766
Tripathi, A., & Singh, A. (2024). SMEs Awareness And Preparation For Digital Transformation: Exploring Business Opportunities For Entrepreneurs In Saudi Arabia’s Ha’il Region. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(9), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093831
Vărzaru, A. A., & Bocean, C. G. (2024). Digital Transformation And Innovation: The Influence Of Digital Technologies On Turnover From Innovation Activities And Types Of Innovation. Systems, 12(9), 1–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090359
Wallen, M. C., & Sodergren, F. (2021). Digital Transformation Through Collaboration: Exploring The Dynamics Of A Multi- Organizational Project. UMEA University, 1–28. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1577677/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Wang, J., & Sun, L. (2024). A Study Of The Impact Of Financial Resource Mismatches On The Digital Transformation Of Enterprises. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 16(12), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n12p1
Weißmüller, K. S., Ritz, A., & Yerramsetti, S. (2023). Collaborating And Co-Creating The Digital Transformation: Empirical Evidence On The Crucial Role Of Stakeholder Demand From Swiss Municipalities. Public Policy and Administration, 0(0), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767231170100
Wiweko, A., & Anggara, A. W. (2025). A Review Of Digital Marketing Practices Among SMEs In Indonesia: Trends, Challenges, And Opportunities. International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 4(5), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V4I5P140
Wolor, C. W., Madli, F., & Rababah, M. A. (2024). Examining The Impact Of Knowledge Management Use And Innovation On Business Performance Of MSMEs In The Digital Age: Case Study MSMEs In Indonesia. Journal of Sustainability Research, 6(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20900/jsr20240070
Zhang, M., Chen, X., Xie, H., Esposito, L., Parziale, A., Taneja, S., & Siraj, A. (2024). Top Of Tide: Nexus Between Organization Agility, Digital Capability And Top Management Support In SME Digital Transformation. Heliyon, 10(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31579
Zhang, W., Yang, Y., & Liang, H. (2023). A Bibliometric Analysis Of Enterprise Social Media In Digital Economy: Research Hotspots And Trends. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(16), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612545
Zhong, J., Jia, F., Chen, X., Hong, Y., & Yu, Y. (2022). Internal And External Collaboration And Supply Chain Performance: A Fit Approach. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 26(10), 1267–1284. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2022.2042226
Ziółkowska, M. J. (2021). Digital Transformation And Marketing Activities In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052512
Bila bermanfaat silahkan share artikel ini
Berikan Komentar Anda terhadap artikel Anteseden dan Konsekuensi dari Variabel Kolaborasi Internal dan Eksternal Terhadap Transformasi Digital UMKM
Pages: 65-76
Copyright (c) 2026 Wisnu Yuwono, Shelly Rosalina, Lady Lady
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (Refer to The Effect of Open Access).
