A System Dynamics Model for Environmental Quality and Urban Quality of Life through Smart City Implementation
Abstract
Smart city programs are increasingly adopted to enhance urban environmental performance through digital innovation and sustainable governance; however, solid waste accumulation and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions remain persistent challenges in rapidly expanding cities. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of smart city implementation in Surabaya by quantitatively examining waste stock dynamics and CO₂ emission behavior using a system dynamics approach. The analysis focuses on the environmental subsystem, particularly smart waste management and air emission control, which are modeled through a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) and a Stock and Flow Diagram (SFD) to capture feedback mechanisms between waste generation, waste processing, stock accumulation, and emission growth. Simulation results for the 2020–2024 period show that the implementation scenario performs significantly better than the base model, achieving an average reduction of approximately 6–7% in waste stock and about 5% lower CO₂ emission levels by the end of the simulation horizon. These improvements are primarily driven by increased waste processing efficiency, which directly suppresses waste accumulation and indirectly slows emission growth. Nevertheless, the magnitude of environmental benefits is strongly influenced by technological readiness and the operational capacity of the environmental management system. Overall, the findings provide quantitative evidence that integrating waste management and emission control within smart city frameworks is essential for achieving measurable and sustainable improvements in urban environmental quality.
Downloads
References
Aromi, Z., Putri, A. O., & Rahayu, R. (2024). Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik Di Kota-Kota Indonesia: Tantangan Lokal Dan Pendekatan Partisipatif Untuk Solusi Berkelanjutan Bagi Masyarakat. Jurnal Ekologi, Masyarakat Dan Sains, 5, 251–254. Https://Doi.Org/10.55448/Ems
Artika, I., & Chaerul, M. (2020). Model Sistem Dinamik Untuk Evaluasi Skenario Pengelolaan Sampah Di Kota Depok. Jurnal Wilayah Dan Lingkungan, 8(3), 261–279. Https://Doi.Org/10.14710/Jwl.8.3.261-279
Daniswara, N., Budirahayu, T., Ariadi, S., Reindrawati, D. Y., Abdillah, A., & Mutiara, A. (2025). Enhancing Urban Sustainability And Resilience: An Assessment Of The Bandung Smart City Master Plan (2018-2023). Grassroots Journal Of Natural Resources, 8(2), 358–391. Https://Doi.Org/10.33002/Nr2581.6853.080218
Fakhriyat Noor, H., Ratna Kusuma, A., & Irawan, B. (2020). Implementasi Peraturan Walikota Nomor 8 Tahun 2018 Tentang Masterplan Smart City Pada Pilar Smart Environment Kota Samarinda. Journal Administrasi Publik, 8(1), 9030–9042.
Gul-E-Hina, & Haydar, S. (2023). A System Dynamics Model And Analytical Hierarchy Process: An Integrated Approach For Achieving Sustainable Solid Waste Management System. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 31(5), 6992–7007. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11356-023-31534-0
Kartika Sari, V., & Ibnu Rochim, A. (2025). Penerapan Program Smart City Pada Konsep Smart Environment (Studi Di Kecamatan Bubutan Kota Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur). Jurnal Penelitian Administrasi Publik, 5(06), 121–130.
Liu, S., Wu, Y., Jiang, G., & Dong, J. (2024). System Dynamics Modeling Of Collaborative Governance In Smart Cities: A Case Study Of Dongguan, China. Scientific Reports, 14(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-024-82363-1
Made, N., & Mahayani, H. (2024). Evaluasi Implementasi Smart City Di Indonesia: Tantangan Teknologi Dan Keberlanjutan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal Dan Pembangunan, 10, 106–108.
Meiwanto Doktoralina, C., Nugroho, L., Putra, Y. M., Magnus, A., & Prabantoro, P. (2024). Framing Smart City In Indonesia’s New Capital: Integrating Technology, Culture, And Public Participation. Management & Accounting Journal (BISMA), 1(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.22441/Bisma.2024.V15i1.001
Menajang, S. A., Kalangi, J. A. F., Mukuan, D. D. S., Bisnis, J. A., & Bisnis, A. (2019). Strategi Pengelolaan Pariwisata Pinus Lahendong Di Kota Tomohon. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 8(1).
Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2022). Current Trends In Smart City Initiatives: Some Stylised Facts. Cities, 38, 25–36. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Cities.2013.12.010
Nunes, S. A. S., Ferreira, F. A. F., Govindan, K., & Pereira, L. F. (2021). “Cities Go Smart!”: A System Dynamics-Based Approach To Smart City Conceptualization. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 313. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jclepro.2021.127683
Oktarina, A., Mawardi, S., Pertiwi, C., Fitriana, N., & Adwiyah, R. (2023). Innovation In Tradition: Exploring Banyuwangi’s Smart Village As A Cultural City Brand Inovasi Dalam Tradisi: Menggali Kampung Pintar Banyuwangi Sebagai Brand Kota Budaya. Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia, 49(1).
Parmawati, T., Hernawan, E., & Listyarini, S. (2023). Pemodelan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Kabupaten Tana Tidung Dengan Pendekatan System Dynamic. Media Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan, 8(1), 17–24. Https://Doi.Org/10.33084/Mitl.V8i1.4651
Pramesti, D. R., Kasiwi, A. N., & Purnomo, E. P. (2020). Perbandingan Implementasi Smart City Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus: Perbandingan Smart People Di Kota Surabaya Dan Kota Malang. Ijd-Demos, 2(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.37950/Ijd.V2i2.61
Sapanli, K., Putro, F. A. D., Arifin, S. D., Putra, A. H., Andamari, H. A., & Anggraini, U. (2023). Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Berbasis Circular Economy Di Tingkat Desa: Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik. Jurnal Wilayah Dan Lingkungan, 11(2), 141–155. Https://Doi.Org/10.14710/Jwl.11.2.141-155
Sharifabadi, M. M., & Ziaeian, A. (2023). Analysis Of Urban Waste Management Using System Dynamics Approach. Journal Of Systems Thinking In Practice, 2(3), 21–45. Https://Doi.Org/10.22067/Jstinp.2023.84193.1073
Zhang, G., Lu, G., Liu, K., & Liu, H. (2025). System Dynamics-Based Integrated Benefit Analysis Of Low-Carbon Management Process Of Municipal Solid Waste. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(3). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Su17031193
Bila bermanfaat silahkan share artikel ini
Berikan Komentar Anda terhadap artikel A System Dynamics Model for Environmental Quality and Urban Quality of Life through Smart City Implementation
Pages: 1322-1330
Copyright (c) 2026 Rifky Roudana Imani Cahya, Erma Suryani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (Refer to The Effect of Open Access).
