Optimasi Berbasis HOMER Perencanaan Stasiun Pengisian Hidrogen Bertenaga Diesel-Surya

Abstract

The transition toward low-carbon energy systems has encouraged the development of renewable energy-based hydrogen refueling stations, particularly in regions that remain dependent on diesel power generation. This study aims to optimize the configuration of a hybrid diesel–solar hydrogen refueling station at three locations in West Kalimantan using HOMER Pro and to evaluate its technical, economic, and environmental performance. A quantitative approach was employed through simulation and optimization using load profiles, solar energy potential, existing diesel power plant characteristics, and the technical and economic parameters of system components. The optimization results show that PV integration reduced the LCOE from US$0.41 to US$0.23/kWh in Sei Raya, from US$0.40 to US$0.24/kWh in Sei Wie, and from US$0.41 to US$0.31/kWh in Teluk Melano. These reductions were primarily achieved because solar generation displaced part of the diesel-based electricity supply, thereby reducing fuel consumption and annual operating costs by more than 74%. The same mechanism contributed to a reduction in CO₂ emissions of more than 84% under the hybrid scenarios. In terms of hydrogen production, the optimal configurations resulted in LCOH values of US$12.6/kg in Sei Raya, US$7.1/kg in Sei Wie, and US$5.7/kg in Teluk Melano. The reported LCOH represents the techno-economic cost calculated by HOMER based on the system cost structure over the project lifetime, including initial investment, operation and maintenance costs, component replacement costs, and the discount rate; therefore, it does not represent marginal operating costs alone. Teluk Melano demonstrated the best economic performance because the combination of load demand, system capacity, solar energy utilization, and investment requirements resulted in an NPC of approximately US$24.1 million. These findings indicate that a hybrid diesel–solar–hydrogen system has potential as an energy-transition solution for isolated power systems, although its economic feasibility remains sensitive to capital costs, electrolyzer utilization, solar resource availability, and hydrogen production volume.