Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Integrasi PLTS Apung dan PLTM pada Jaringan 20 kV

Abstract

The increasing deployment of renewable energy in power systems requires generation capacity to be determined not only by resource potential but also by system characteristics, operational performance, and economic feasibility. Darma Reservoir, Kuningan Regency, has solar and hydropower resources that can potentially be integrated into the 20 kV distribution network of the Kuningan Substation. This study investigates the optimal capacity of a Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) system integrated with a Mini Hydropower Plant (MHP) and the PLN grid by evaluating technical, economic, and environmental performance as well as the robustness of the configuration under changing economic conditions. HOMER Pro simulations were conducted using FPV capacities ranging from 0.5 to 4 MWp and an MHP capacity of approximately 1 MW under a grid-connected configuration. The results show that the minimum NPC is obtained with a 3 MWp FPV system combined with a 1,000.62 kW MHP, achieving a Renewable Fraction of 53.69% and an NPC of IDR 289.481 billion. This configuration reduces CO₂ emissions by 53.07% compared with the Grid-Only condition. Increasing FPV capacity to 4 MWp further increases renewable energy penetration and reduces emissions but raises NPC to IDR 291.902 billion. Sensitivity analysis shows that the 3 MWp configuration is the most robust solution, remaining optimal in 18 of 27 economic combinations, or 66.7% of cases. These findings indicate that technically available FPV capacity does not necessarily represent the most appropriate integration capacity for a specific distribution system. Capacity planning should therefore consider the marginal economic benefits of additional capacity, grid characteristics, and economic conditions to achieve renewable energy integration that is more proportionate to system requirements.