1. Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship must be based on substantial scholarly contributions to the research and manuscript. All individuals listed as authors must have made meaningful contributions to the study, participated in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it, approved the final version, and agreed to be accountable for their contributions and the integrity of the work.

2. Authorship Requirements

• Each author must have made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or other essential research activities.
• Each author must participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
• All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript before submission.
• All authors must agree to take responsibility for their contributions and help ensure that questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of the work are appropriately addressed.
• Individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria should be acknowledged appropriately, with their permission.

3. Author Contributions

Authors are required to provide a clear statement describing the specific contributions of each author. The journal encourages the use of the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to identify individual research contributions transparently.

CRediT roles may include:

• Conceptualization
• Methodology
• Software
• Validation
• Formal analysis
• Investigation
• Resources
• Data curation
• Writing – original draft
• Writing – review and editing
• Visualization
• Supervision
• Project administration
• Funding acquisition

4. Changes in Authorship

Any addition, removal, or rearrangement of authors after manuscript submission must be requested from the editorial office, accompanied by a clear justification and written agreement from all affected authors. Authorship changes are subject to editorial approval and must comply with the journal's publication ethics policies.

5. Author Accountability

All authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript. Guest, honorary, and ghost authorship are not permitted. The corresponding author is responsible for coordinating communication with the editorial office and ensuring that all authors have approved the submitted manuscript and the final version for publication.